Notes on Teaching Syllabus

The teaching syllabus is organised into 15 units. It is designed to cover the major aspects of science, as well as the social and technological implications of science. Each Unit allows students to investigate and examine a specific theme in science.

The introduction of each Unit outlines the context and the philosophy behind the organisation of the Unit. Instructional objectives were also listed to illustrate the level of achievement that is expected of the students on completing the Unit. It aims at assisting teachers in their selection of course materials, learning activities and instructional methods. It can also serve as the learning guidelines for the students and the basis of an evaluation program.

The key concepts, skills and values/attitudes to be developed by students are given for each Unit in tabular form. The major topics of the syllabus are indicated in the first column. Column two highlights the key points for the topics. Experienced teachers will find the information in these two columns sufficient to plan their teaching and to design appropriate teaching/learning activities according to the needs and interest of their students. Columns three and four indicate the materials that could be included at the core and extension levels and provide guidance as to how the topics can be treated at the respective levels. Column five lists suggested teaching and learning activities. Attempt has been made to cover a variety of activities which are coded to indicate the skills emphasised. Activities suggested here are by no means exhaustive nor meant to be prescriptive. It is hoped that teachers will find them useful as resources to choose from and, preferably, to further develop teaching and learning activities that best suit their students. It is expected that through conducting the suggested activities, students would demonstrate increasing competencies in the skills emphasised in the syllabus and would eventually attain the objectives stated in the syllabus. The extent to which students should have developed in the different areas after completing each Unit have been delineated for teachers?reference. The key points and activities for the extension materials are indicated in blue italic.

In drafting this teaching syllabus, careful consideration has been given to the sequencing of the topics but they are not the only way nor the best way in which the topics can be organised. Teachers need not adhere strictly to the suggested sequence and are encouraged to exercise their discretion in modifying the recommendations given in this guide taking into account the interest, needs and abilities of their students and other social or environmental factors. Teachers are also encouraged to adopt a variety of approaches in their teaching and incorporate ideas as well as materials from social issues and everyday experiences of students.

Listed below is the synopsis of the teaching syllabus, in terms of titles of the various units and subunits.

Unit 1

Introducing Science

1.1

What is science

1.2

Safety in the laboratory

1.3

Using common laboratory equipment

1.4

Conducting a simple scientific investigation

Unit 2

Looking at Living Things

2.1

Living things

2.2

Observing an animal

2.3

Diversity of plant and animal life

2.4

Sorting things into groups

2.5

Endangered species

Unit 3

Cells and Human Reproduction

3.1

The basic units of living things

3.2

A new life is born

3.3

Puberty

3.4

Pregnancy

3.5

Sexually transmitted diseases

Unit 4

Energy

4.1

Forms of energy

4.2

Energy changes

4.3

Fuels

4.4

Generating electricity

4.5

Energy sources and we

Unit 5

The Wonderful Solvent - Water

5.1

Water purification

5.2

Further treatment of water

5.3

The water cycle

5.4

Water conservation and pollution

5.5

Dissolving

5.6

Growing crystals

5.7

Solvents other than water

Unit 6

Matter as Particles

6.1

States of matter

6.2

Illustrations for the support of the claims of the particle theory

6.3

Particle model for the three states of matter

6.4

Gas pressure

6.5

Density

6.6

Thermal expansion and contraction

Unit 7

Living Things and Air

7.1

What is air made up of

7.2

Burning

7.3

How does man obtain energy

7.4

How do green plants obtain energy

7.5

Gaseous exchange in animals and plants

7.6

Balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in nature

7.7

Effects of smoking and polluted air on our respiratory system

Unit 8

Making Use of Electricity

8.1

Closed circuit

8.2

Electrical conductors and insulators

8.3

Current

8.4

Voltage

8.5

Resistance

8.6

Circuit symbols

8.7

Electrical circuits

8.8

Fuses

8.9

Household electricity

8.10

Power of an electrical appliance

8.11

Cost of electricity

8.12

Electrical appliances

Unit 9

Space Travel

9.1

Forces

9.2

Friction

9.3

Force of gravity

9.4

A space journey

9.5

Life of an astronaut in space

9.6

Space exploration

Unit 10

Common Acids and Alkalis

10.1

Common acids and alkalis

10.2

Indicators for testing acids and alkalis

10.3

Acids and corrosion

10.4

Acid rain

10.5

Neutralisation

10.6

Every day uses of acids, alkalis and neutralisation

10.7

Potential hazards related to the use of acids and alkalis

Unit 11

Sensing the Environment

11.1

Sensing the environment

11.2

How we see

11.3

Limitations of our eyes

11.4

Defects of the eye

11.5

How we hear

11.6

Limitations of our ears

11.7

Effects of noise pollution

11.8

Senses of smell, taste and touch

11.9

The brain and our senses

11.10

Responses to stimuli

11.11

Effects of drugs and solvents on our senses

Unit 12

A Healthy Body

12.1

Keeping our bodies healthy

12.2

Food substances

12.3

Balanced diet

12.4

Natural food and processed food

12.5

How food is digested and absorbed in our body

12.6

The fate of the digested food

12.7

Our circulatory system

12.8

How fatty food affects our circulatory system

12.9

Exercise and health

12.10

Need for rest

Unit 13

Metals

13.1

History of the use of metals

13.2

How to obtain metals

13.3

Properties and uses of metals

13.4

Making metals more useful

13.5

Environmental problems associated with the disposal of used metals

Unit 14

Materials of the Modern World

14.1

Making plastics from crude oil

14.2

Environmental problems associated with the disposal of plastics

14.3

Composite materials

Unit 15

Light, Colours and Beyond

15.1

How we see an object

15.2

Reflection at plane surfaces

15.3

Colour

15.4

Beyond the visible spectrum

15.5

Beyond infra-red and ultra-violet

15.6

Refraction and its practical uses

15.7

Optical fibres and total internal reflection